![]() There was hippocampal activity during these trials however, it did not occur when the three faces were presented and implicit processing could have occurred. This increase in viewing time to the correct face likely reflected implicit memory, as long-term memory (measured by the button press) failed on these trials. The key trials were those in which the explicit face recognition was incorrect (i.e., they picked the wrong face with the button press) and there was higher viewing time for the correct face than for the incorrect face. In addition to making an explicit face recognition response (i.e., the button press indicating the face that matched the scene), eye movements were monitored to probe the viewing time for each face. Then, three of the faces from the study phase were presented and participants selected the face that they thought matched the scene. During each trial of the test phase, one of the previous scenes was presented for 1 second followed by a 7-second delay and participants were instructed to use the scene as a cue to retrieve the associated face. During the study phase, participants viewed face-scene pairs and assessed whether or not the face belonged in the scene. These findings indicate that the contextual cuing task can reflect both implicit memory and long-term memory thus, there is no convincing evidence that this task is associated with the hippocampus.Īnother fMRI study also claimed to provide evidence of hippocampal involvement during implicit memory (Hannula & Ranganath, 2009). This suggests that the previously described impairment in contextual cuing performance in patients with medial temporal lobe damage was due to damage to the perirhinal cortex rather than the hippocampus. In addition, contextual cuing performance produced activity in the perirhinal cortex, another region of the medial temporal lobe. After the task was complete, participants were given a test to measure whether they had long-term memory for the repeated contexts and performance was greater than chance, which indicates that many of the participants used long-term memory. An fMRI study of contextual cuing using the same task also provided compelling evidence for explicit memory contamination (Preston & Gabrieli, 2008). ![]() There is evidence for explicit memory contamination in the original study that introduced the contextual cuing task, as nearly half of the participants in one experiment said they were aware contexts were repeated. However, these patients may have been impaired on this task because it was associated with explicit long-term memory. In a follow-up study, patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe that included the hippocampus were impaired on the contextual cuing task, which was interpreted as a link between the hippocampus and implicit memory (Chun & Phelps, 1999). Participants were faster at detecting the direction of the target for repeated contexts than new contexts. Twelve unique contexts (i.e., the configuration of Ls) were repeated thirty times during the experiment and cued the target location, while the other half of the contexts were new. In the is task, participants were instructed to quickly detect the direction (“left” or “right”) of a rotated T embedded in many rotated Ls with different orientations. ![]() ![]() ![]() A strong claim has been made that the contextual cueing task is based on only implicit memory (Chun & Jiang, 1998). This has also been shown in numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, as long-term memory consistently activates the hippocampus but implicit memory does not activate this region.Ī couple of studies with unusual tasks and analyses have associated the hippocampus with implicit memory. This has been shown in numerous patient lesion studies, where damage to the medial temporal lobe, which includes the hippocampus, typically produces a dramatic impairment in long-term memory and little or no impairment in implicit memory. For over half a century, the hippocampus has been associated with conscious/explicit long-term memory for previously experienced items or events however, this region has recently been linked to nonconscious/implicit memory. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |